Personal Web Site for Professor Ronald Sobczak

MSDS & other safety information: http://faculty.uscupstate.edu/labmanager/

SCHM 105 syllabus     Chapter 1         Chapter 2         Chapter 3        Chapter 4        Chapter 5     Chapter 11      Chapter 15      Chapter 13    Chapter 14     Periodic Table

SCHM 107L syllabus 

At the start of each lab, we will have a discussion and introduction to the lab (including a quiz).

No Sandals or open toe shoes in lab! Bring Goggles and lab notebook

Late Lab reports: For lab reports that are up to one lab period late, the overall grade for that experiment will automatically be reduced by one letter grade(10 points). Lab reports will not be accepted if they are more than one lab period late. 

Students are responsible for doing their own work on lab reports, including prelab, lab procedure, post lab and questions. Only the data collected in lab is to be shared. Copying anything except the shared data within a group is a violation of the honor code.

8/24  Check-in, safety, tour of lab, introduction of first lab

8/31  Experiment – Physical Methods of Separation and Purification, Experiment 1, QUIZ on Safety & Exp 1, bring Goggles and lab notebook, Theory: Define the different types of separation (decantation, filtration, extraction, distillation, sublimation) and explain what they are good for. MSDS: water, ethanol (ethyl alcohol), sugar (sucrose), iodine, potassium iodide, methylene chloride (dichloromethane). All iodine and potassium iodide must go into the Iodine waste bottles. All methlyene chloride must go into the halogentated organic waste bottle. In your conclusion, discuss how effective each separation technique was. If a technique was not as effective as it should have been, explain why. Which technique do you feel is most powerful as a means of separation? Questions: Answer the questions that appear in the description of the techniques (Q-1 to Q-4). Answer the two questions at the end of the lab.

Question 1 in Experiment 1: heterogeneous vs. homogeneous (chapter 1 in Hill & Kolb) A homogeneous mixture has a uniform composition throughout (it does not matter where you take the sample from). A heterogeneous mixture has more than one phase and does not have a uniform composition throughout. Examples from lab: (1) ethanol and methylene blue (distillation) was a homogeneous mixture (solution). (2) Iodine and sodium  iodide dissolved in water was a homogeneous mixture (solution). (3) But when you add methylene chloride with water, you have 2 phases and therefore it is a heterogeneous mixture. (4) sand and water is not uniform in composition and therefore is a heterogeneous mixture.

Note: In the extraction of iodine, the methylene chloride solution (purple after extraction) should have gone in the halogenated waste. The water layer should not have gone in that bottle, only the methylene chloride fraction (you will lose points if you do not dispose of the methylene chloride waste correctly).

9/14  Experiment - Identification of Unknown, Experiment 2,  QUIZ on Exp 1 (separation techniques, attractive forces) & 2 (hazards),  Theory: define physical properties (mp, bp, density, solubility, polar and nonpolar solvents, attractive forces) MSDS: water, ethanol or ethyl alcohol, toluene (C7H8). All toluene must go into the nonhalogentated organic waste bottle (you will lose points if you do not dispose of the toluene waste correctly). In your conclusion, summarize the data that justifies the identification of your unknown. Do the library assignment.

9/21  Experiment - Saponification, Soaps & Detergents, Experiment 3 -  QUIZ on "Identifying an Unknown" (physical properties, attractive forces) and "Soaps", Read "titration" on ChemPages, Theory: define saponification, hydrolysis, esterification give overall reaction, define "salting out", hard water, emulsifying agent, pH, titrationMSDS: water, ethanol or ethyl alcohol, sodium hydroxide, calcium chloride, iron chloride (or ferric chloride), magnesium chloride.  Theoretical Yield of soap is 23g. In your conclusion, describe the yield and % yield, the properties of your soap and how it compared with commercial soap and detergent. Answer the 9 questions at the end of the experiment.

Name pH Your Soap pH com. soap pH detergent ml soap + DI ml soap + USC Upstate ml soap + hard ml det + DI ml det + USC Upstate ml det + hard Ca, Mg or Fe? yield
Megan Turner David Weathers 13 12 10 1 7 3 1 1 1 MgCl2 62.118
Chelsea Griffin Tiara Green  10 8 11 1 3 6 2 2 4 Ca 35.45
Kristen Spencer Mary Smith 13 11 12 1 2.5 18.57 1 2 3 Cacl2 36.67
Dillon Sloan Jessica Root 11 10 10 1 3 6 1 2 1 MgCl2 57.085
Crystal Ramsey and Willis Myrick 10 10 11 1 4 6 1 2 1 MgCl2 57.085
Melba Jamison Susan Night 9 9 9 2.8 5.1 15 1.3 2.7 6 Fe 39.356
Amber Connor,Billy Donahue, Greg Martin 13 9 13 1 4 6 1 2 3 Fe 39.356
Ashley Banks, Monica Bowers 13 7 11 1 3 16 1 1 4 Fe 32.853
Meagan, Janna, Christia 10 7 10 1 4 15 2.35 3.1 1.35 Fe 35.015
 katye dorian 11 8 10 2 4 20 7.35 4.35 4.35 Fe 30.6
courtney Stepp Sadie Sims 10 9 12 1 4 16 1 5 5 Ca 49.995
Brittany Tolbert Kristy Winstead 9 7 10 1 5 15 1 5 6 Ca 49.495
Alicia Bridges Kristy Baker 11 8 10 1 5 11 2 1 2 Fe 33.822
Tamara Gray Joshua Geddings 11 7 10 1 4 16 2.2 2 11 Ca 30.9
Lovette Hodge Sarah Holcombe 12 9 11 1 3 19 1 3.2 4 Fe 30.8
Laura Merritt and Charma Peyton 13 7 10 3 3 22 3 2 6 Ca 22.225
Average 11 9 11 1 4 13 2 3 4   40.18

9/28  Experiment - Alum from Waste Aluminum Cans, Experiment 4 -  Also read the 1st page of Experiment 6, Preparation of Alcohol - you will need to start that today. QUIZ on "Soaps", "titration" on ChemPages  and “Aluminum”, Theory: give overall reaction, define limiting reagent, actual yield, theoretical yield, percent yield, moles, molarity MSDS: aluminum, potassium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, ethanol. Conclusion: What was the yield and %yield of alum. Describe your product and how well the reaction went. Any problems? Questions: answer the 7 pre-lab and 3 post-lab questions.

10/5  Experiment - "Analysis of Lead Samples" Experiment 5 Bring PAINT CHIPS and VINEGAR from mug, QUIZ on "Aluminum" (Some Sample Questions) and "Lead" (Hazards?) Theory:define gravimetric and spectrophotometric analysis, precipitation  MSDS: nitric acid, sodium sulfite, potassium iodide, acetic acid, potassium chromate, All lead must go into the toxic metal waste bottle (you will lose points if you do not dispose of the lead waste correctly). All potassium chromate must go into the chromium waste bottle (you will lose points if you do not dispose of the chromium waste correctly). Conclusion: Did you find lead in either sample? Was it within acceptable limits? Describe how effective gravimetric and spectrophotometric analysis were. Questions: answer the 6 post-lab questions.

10/12  Experiment - "Preparation and Analysis of Alcohol" Experiment 6 Show points #7,8,& 9 in your graph (draw them in - use a ruler). Make sure you calculate the concentration of #7,8,&9 and discuss the concentration of your fermentation product in your conclusion. Read ChemPages on Gas Chromatography, QUIZ on "Lead" (reactions, centrifuge, spectronic 20, gravimetric & spectrophotometric analysis, answers to questions, etc.) and "Alcohol" (Hazards?) Theory: give overall reaction, define fermentation, GC,  MSDS: ethanol, potassium dichromate, silver nitrate, sulfuric acid All potassium dichromate must go into the chromium waste bottle (you will lose points if you do not dispose of the chromium waste correctly). Conclusion: How much alcohol did you collect? What was the percentage of alcohol in the fermentation product? in the distillation product? (make sure you show your calculations for #7,8 & 9 using the formula for the line from your graph) Questions: Answer 2 Pre-Lab Questions, Page 2 and 6 questions at the end of the experiment

10/19 Experiment - "Unsaturation in Foods Experiment 7 QUIZ on "Preparation and Analysis of Alcohol" ( Read ChemPages on Gas Chromatography; reactions, answers to questions, etc.) and "Unsaturation in Foods" (Hazards?) Theory: soxylet extractor, petroleum ether, ligroin, saturated and unsaturated fats, cis, trans, hydrogenation, isomerization MSDS: methylene chloride, bromine All methlyene chloride must go into the halogentated organic waste bottle (you will lose points if you do not dispose of the methylene chloride waste correctly). Conclusion: Which of the fats were the most saturated? Explain. How do your results compare with the group results? Explain any differences. Questions: Answer the 7 questions at the end of the lab.

Regular potato chips: 8.423g of chips, 2.747g of fat extracted

Reduced fat potato chips: 7.369g of chips, 1.689g of fat extracted

Name Butter Margarine Shortening Oil Lard
Megan Turner David Weathers 6 18 17 23 4
Amber Connor, Billy Donahue, Greg Martin 1.5 2.27 5.67 67.6 10
Ashley Banks, Monica Bowers, & Susan Knight 1 12 2 39 1
Jessica Root, Crystal Ramsey, Willis Myrick 10 12 16 124 10
Brittany Tolbert & Kristy Winsted 11 18 9 20 14
Janna Lewis, Christine Henson, Meagan Hill 10 23 17 32 21
Laura Merritt and Sarah Holcombe 9 16 16 26 14
Courtney stepp and Sadie Sims 9 15 15 33 14
Katie Donahue , Dorian Elmore Alicia Bridges 7.2 20 16 22 16
Tamara Gray & Joshua Geddings 9 20 20 31 16
Average 7 16 13 42 12

10/26 Experiment - "Vitamin C Analysis" Experiment 8 QUIZ on "Unsaturation in Foods" (definitions, etc.) & "Vitamin C Analysis"  Theory: define titration, vitamins, minerals  MSDS: iodine, starch, hydrochloric acid. The titration waste must go into the Iodine waste bottle. Conclusion: What was the concentration of vitamin C in the fruit juice? Explain. How do your results compare with the group results? Explain any differences. Questions: Answer the 8 questions at the end of the experiment.

Name 4c Trial 1, iodine 4c Trail 2 Iodine 4c Trial 3 Iodine 6.1 Vit C Trial 1 6.2 Vit C, trial 2 6.3 Vit C, Trial 3      
Jessica Root Susan Knight 0.18 0.2 0.22 0.03 0.02 0.01 sample was apple juice from home
Megan turner David Weathers 2.74 5.29 8.7 0.482 0.466 0.51      
Greg Martin and Mary Smith 1.38 4.93 7.31 0.243 0.434 0.429      
Amber Connor and Billy Donahue 3.01 5.39 7.69 0.249 0.39 0.455      
Crystal Ramsey and Willis Myrick 0.99 3.01 5.1 0.174 0.264 0.299      
Ashley Banks and Monica Bowers 1.8 3.5 6.5 0.317 0.308 0.381      
Katye Donahue and Dorian Elmore 1.73 3.54 4.83 0.304 0.312 0.283      
Courtney Stepp and Sadie Sims 1.56 2.44 4.78 0.275 0.215 0.28      
Alicia Bridges and Janna Lewis  1.84 3.96 5.39 0.324 0.349 0.316      
Kristy Winstead & Brittany Tolbert 1.82 3.57 4.47 0.32 0.314 0.262      
Tamara Gray and Joshua Geddings 2.01 4.13 5.93 0.354 0.364 0.347      
Meagan Hill & Christine 2.18 3.5 4.01 0.384 0.308 0.235      
Sarah Holcombe & Laura Merritt 1.61 3.93 3.16 0.203 0.345 0.185      
Average 1.89 3.93 5.66 0.302 0.339 0.332      
average mg/mL 0.324                
conversion factor 1.76                
8. Volume of juice 185                
9. Vit C in 8 oz 78                
10. %RDA 130                
11. Claim 80%                

11/2 Experiment - "Acidity"  Experiment 9 QUIZ on "Vitamin C Analysis" (definitions, etc.) and "Acidity" (hazards) Theory: Define pH, acid, base, hydronium ion, buffer, logarithm MSDS: acetic acid, sodium acetate, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide Conclusion: Which products were more acidic and which were more basic. Can you give any reasons why? Based on the experiment, what is the advantage of a buffer? Address the comments at the end of your experiment. How do your results compare with the group results? Explain any differences. Questions: Answer the 6 Pre-Lab Questions (Remember: pH = -log[H+]. Therefore to calculate [H+], change the sign of the pH and use 10x on your calculator where x is -pH. pOH = 14 - pH and pOH = -log[OH-]. To calculate [OH-], first calculate pOH, change the sign of the pOH and use 10x on your calculator where x is -pOH.) and the 6 Post-Lab Questions at the end of your experiment

M A T C A B M g W V W I S                    
a m a l s   i a e i i v p                    
a m n u p S l t l n n o r                    
l o g b i o k o c e d r i                    
o n e   r d   r h g e y t                    
x i r S i a o a s a x   e                    
  a i o n   f d   r                          
    n d       e                              
    e a     M                                
Name                           1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Megan Turner David Weathers 8 11 3 6 3 11 10 3 4 3 10 8 4 5 5 2 4 12 8 4 2 10 12
Crystal Ramsey and Willis Myrick 8 10 4 8 4 9 12 4 4 4 10 6 4 5 5 2 4 11 8 4 2 10 11
Amber Connor and Billy Donahue 8 11 4 6 4 10 11 3 3 4 11 8 4 5 5 3 5 13 7 4 4 5 12
Jessica Root and Susan Knight 8 12 5 6 4 10 8 5 5 3 11 6 5 5 5 2 5 12 10 4 3 6 12
Greg Martin Mary  11 3 4 10 9 12 11.5 7 7 6 4 7.5 2 5 4 2 5 12 8 5 9 8 8
Ashley Banks and Monica Bowers 9 12 4 6 3 10 10 4 4 2 11 9 4 4 5 2 5 12 11 4 3 11 10
 Alicia, Kaite, Dorrian 8 12 3 6 3 11 11 4 3 4 11 7 4 5 6 2 5 13 9 3 2 13 13
Brittany Tolbert & Kristy Winstead 7 12 5 6 4 10 8 4 4 4 9 6 4 5 6 3 5 13 11 5 4 6 13
Courtney Stepp, Sarah Holcombe, & Sadie Sims 10 11 3 9 4 11 10 4 4 3 11 9 4 5 6 2 5 12 9 3 3 7 13
Chrstine, Janna, Meagan 8 12 5 7 2 7 10 5 4 4 9 7 6 6 6 3 5 13 8 5 4 8 12
Joshua and Tamara 10 11 4 7 5 10 10 4 5 3 11 7 4 6 6 3 5 12 10 5 3 6 12
Average 9 11 4 7 4 10 10 4 4 4 10 7 4 5 5 2 5 12 9 4 4 8 12

 

11/9Experiment - "Paper Chromatography"  Experiment 10 QUIZ on  "Acidity" (Be prepared to do calculations with pH as discussed in lab, dilution, buffer, pH indicators, etc.) and "Paper Chromatography" (hazards) Theory: Define chromatography and the different types of chromatography (paper, TLC, GC, column, LC) MSDS: sodium chloride, acetone Conclusion: How effective was paper chromatography in separating the components in the mixtures? Which solvent was more effective? Why? Questions: Answer the 3 questions at the end.

11/16 Experiment - "Polymerization"  Experiment 11 Turn in Science Fair Powerpoint Warning: Do Not Heat a Sealed Container!!!!!QUIZ on "Paper Chromatography"  (principles and types of chromatography, etc.) and "Polymerization" (hazards) Theory: Define polymer, monomer, addition, condensation, thermoplastic, thermosetting, crosslinking MSDS: styrene, benzoyl peroxide, adipoyl chloride, sodium hydroxide, borax, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, toluene Conclusion: Describe the properties of the different polymers you made and used in this experiment. Compare them to each other. Questions: answer the 7 post-lab questions. All students will need to clean their glassware and check out of their drawer.

11/23 Experiment - QUIZ  on "Polymerization" (definitions, reactions)  Science Fair Project. Students will give a 10 minute PowerPoint presentation of a proposed science fair project and answer questions. Students should critique the experiment. A good set of critical thinking criteria is FLaReS (falsifiability, logic, replicability, sufficiency), which is described on page 27 of Chemistry for Changing Times, Hill & Kolb. Turn in Portfolio.

11/30 Students who have missed a lab, will take the Cumulative Final Exam. All students will need to clean their glassware and check out of their drawer.

Criteria for evaluating science fair project:

Name Question Defined Experiment Defined Data Collected Logical? Replicable? Sufficient? Time (10 min) Presentation Grade (0-100 points)

List of MSDS

http://www.chemexper.com/index.shtml?main=ccd/ccd_from_web.html

http://chemfinder.camsoft.com

http://themerckindex.cambridgesoft.com/

http://msds.ehs.cornell.edu/msdssrch.asp

http://physchem.ox.ac.uk/MSDS/#MSDS

http://www.jtbaker.com/asp/Catalog.asp

http://www.ilpi.com/msds/index.html

The views and opinions expressed in this page are strictly those of the page author. The contents of the page have not been reviewed or approved by the University of South Carolina Upstate. If you find anything questionable on this site, please notify the University of South Carolina Upstate (webmaster@uscupstate.edu)

1,6 Hexanediamine.pdf

Acetic Acid, Glacial.pdf

Acetone.pdf

Adipoyl Chloride.pdf

Alumina 80-200 mesh.pdf

Aluminum Potassium Sulfate, dodecahydrate.pdf

Benzoyl Peroxide, wet.pdf

Bromine.pdf

Buffer pH=10, solution.pdf

Buffer pH=2, solution.pdf

Buffer pH=3, solution.pdf

Buffer pH=4, solution.pdf

Buffer pH=5, solution.pdf

Buffer pH=6, solution.pdf

Buffer pH=7, solution.pdf

Buffer pH=8, solution.pdf

Buffer pH=9, solution.pdf

Calcium Chloride, dihydrate.pdf

Calcium Nitrate tetrahydrate.pdf

Celite Analytical Filter Aid.pdf

Ethanol, 95%.pdf

Ethyl Acetate.pdf

Ferric chloride hexahydrate.pdf

Hydrochloric Acid.pdf

Iodine Solution 0.02N.pdf

Iodine.pdf

Isopropyl Alcohol.pdf

Lead nitrate.pdf

Ligroin (Petroleum Ether).pdf

Magnesium Chloride, hexahydrate.pdf

Methanol (Methyl Alcohol).pdf

Methylene blue.pdf

Methylene Chloride (Dichloromethane).pdf

Naphthalene.pdf

Nitric Acid.pdf

Polyvinyl Alcohol.pdf

Potassium Chromate.pdf

Potassium Dichromate.pdf

Potassium Hydroxide.pdf

Potassium Iodide.pdf

Salicylic Acid.pdf

Silver Nitrate.pdf

Sodium Acetate, Trihydrate.pdf

Sodium Chloride.pdf

Sodium Hydroxide.pdf

Sodium Polyacrylate.pdf

Sodium Sulfite, anhydrous.pdf

Stearic Acid.pdf

Styrene.pdf

Sulfuric Acid.pdf

Toluene.pdf

Zinc Nitrate, hexahydrate.pdf

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Chapter 14    Chapter 5    Chapter 12   Global Warming    Chapter 13    Chapter 6

 

 

3/8/99

 

 

 

 

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